********************************************************************** Software (Version 1) README.TXT Copyright (c) 2008 Power Systems Consultants, Inc. November 2008 www.power-systems-consultants.com ********************************************************************** Copyright(c) 2008 Power Systems Consultants, Inc. All rights reserved. This Licensed Software and Documentation are deemed to be "commercial computer software" and "commercial computer software documentation" as defined in FAR Sections 12.212 and DFARS Section 227.7202. ********************************************************************** ********************************************************************** This README.TXT file describes software for the CRC textbook: COMPUTER-AIDED POWER STSTEMS ANALYSIS, 2nd ed. by Dr. George Kusic published by: CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway, NW Boca Raton, FL 33487 270 Madison Avenue New York, NY 10016 ********************************************************************** UPGRADES ********************************************************************** Upgrade versions of the software are available at the website: www.power-systems-consultants.com ********************************************************************** CONTENTS ********************************************************************** The following topics are discussed: * Installation * About CAPSA_Software * Data files * Using the powerpoint interface * Uninstalling ********************************************************************** INSTALLATION ********************************************************************** FROM THE CD 1) On the cd, run the program SETUP 2) SETUP copies all files on the cd into a directory C:\CAPSA_SOFTWARE Every program in this directory may be executed from the CMD prompt. 3) To use the Powerpoint interface, a) From your computer, open the powerpoint program b) From the option menu in powerpoint, set security to MEDIUM c) Open the file software.ppt 4) If Powerpoint requests the macros be enabled, do enable them. 5) Use the SLIDE SHOW option of Powerpoint 6) The Powerpoint interface contains brief run instructions. FROM THE WEB-SITE 1) Create a directory C:\CAPSA_SOFTWARE in your computer 2) Download the file CAPSA.ZIP into this directory and extract all files into the directory. All programs can run from the CMD prompt. DO STEPS (3), (4), (5), (6) as above. *********************************************************************** *********************************************************************** Once the CAPSA_SOFTWARE directory is in your computer, all programs can run from a powerpoint interface. The powerpoint program MUST BE OPENED IN THE CAPSA_SOFTWARE FOLDER so that the pointers to programs are not lost. The interface must be run in the SLIDESHOW mode of powerpoint.If the macros in the interface are not enabled, the editor does not function. ********************************************************************** ABOUT CAPSA_SOFTWARE ********************************************************************** Although a powerpoint presentation is used for access, all the software for Computer-Aided Power Systems Analysis is intended to be independent of the computer operating system. The only exception is that MATLAB is used to compute several dynamic reponses in chapter 1. Otherwise, every one of the computation programs is executible in the command mode of the computer. This allows the user to exploit the programs for reasearch or study from their own database. The executible files are: Chapter 1: dc_flow.exe to calculate simplified power flow on lossess networks. A network of only reactances is operated at fixed 1.0 per unit bus voltages to calculate real power flow on the transmission lines. In the real world, the transmission lines are not lossless, have line charging capacitance, and the reactive power into the network cannot be obtained to force all busses to be at 1.0 per unit voltage. dc_area.exe for simplified power flow on 2 interconnected areas Chapter 2 zabczpn.exe to compute zero, positive, and negative sequence equiv- alent impedances for balanced or unbalanced a three-phase network in a, b, c components using the symetrical component transformation. Zpnzabc.exe to perform the inverse transformation from zero, positive, and negative sequence equivalents to a, b, c impedances. yabcypn.exe is a program to convert admittances in the a, b, c 3-phase network into zero, positive, and negative sequence equivalents l_param.exe is a program to accept 3-phase transmission line dimensions plus types of main conductors and type of lightning shield conductors to compute the series impedance of transmission lines Z=R+jX Ohms/mile. There can be either a 3-phase a, b, c,conductors of a single-hung or a double hung circuit a, b, c and A, B, C conductors with up to three shield wires over a 100 Ohm-meter conducting earth. The results of the computation are the zero, positive, and negative sequence equivalent impedances. The lines are NOT transposed in order to show the coupling beween sides of a double-hung transmission line, and the coupling between the symmetrical component sequence elements. c_param.exe uses the same data file as l_param.exe in order to compute the equivalent zero, positive, and negative sequence capacitive suscep- tances in Siemens/mile for the transmission lines. Chapter 3 zbus.exe computes the bus impedance matrix and SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENTS at each bus for a positive or zero sequence equivalent network. The inputs to the program are transmission line series impedance, the transmission line shunt susceptances, and generator's sub-transient reactance and resistance.The network is assumed to be a balanced, 3-phase network. The computed short circuit current in Amperes is according to the power system base specified by the user. Chapter 5 p_flow.exe is a basic power flow program for networks as large as 21 busses and 52 transmission lines/transformers. It employs the Newton- Raphson iterative algorithm for power flow computation.The transmission lines are pi-equivalent positive sequence elements. Transformer off- nominal turns ratios are defined a:1 with the 'a' side toward the from bus and the to-bus side as 1.0. Phase shift transformers or FACTS series devices are defined as (a+jb):1 from-bus to the to-bus.The program assumes only the slack bus is voltage controlled. All load busses or generators are P-Q unregulated busses.The output of the program are real and reactive power flow in every transmission line and bus voltages and phase angles. The slack bus injections and network transmission losses are also reported. The IEEE 5 bus, 7 transmission line classic test network of Stagg and El-Abiad can be executed by the p_flow program by means of copying the file stagg.sss into p_flow.sss Chapter 6 econ.exe is an economic dispatch program that computes the minimum cost operating point for as many as 9 generators whose cost curves are expressed as quadratic functions. The computational algorithm is the Bolzano bi-sector method. High power and low power limits for each generator are also input data.The network losses are des- cribed in terms of 'B' coefficients. If the 'B' coefficients are zero, the result is dispatch without any network losses. The output of the program is the power of each generator (MW), system cost ($/h),and the system Lambda ($/MW-h). ecnr.exe is a Newton-Raphson algorithm to solve the economic dispatch of the generators withtransmission line losses, and 'soft' limits as the generators power hits the maximum or minimum power points spec- ified by the user.This program can converge for cases where the econ.exe does not converge because of the 'hard' limits. rei.exe is a network reduction program. It is used to compute the 'B' matrix loss coefficients (without Bi0 and B00 terms) that approximate the network power losses as a quadratic function of the power of each generator or tie line.The input data to the program is a solved power flow as executed by p_flow.exe. As a default, every positive power input bus is assumed to be a generator. The user can designate the busses to be saved for the quadratic calculation, and thereby keep tie buses with power dispatched to a neighbor. The 'B' matrix loss coefficients can be used in econ.exe or ecnr.exe programs. ucomt.exe is a unit commitment program that computes the least cost as accumulated over 8 time intervals to schedule on/off and power output as many as 9 generators. The constraints are a) max/min power, b) incremental cost, c) max/min up/down time, d) hot/cold start cost, and e) transmission line losses expressed as the 'B' matrix quadratic terms. The ucomt.exe is essentially the dynamic programming routine. Chapter 7 stat_est.exe is a Fast Decoupled State Estimator (FDSE) that accepts mixed sets of measurements of bus power injections and line power flows to compute the best state of voltage and phase angle at all busses. The format of the data input is the same as used for the p_flow load flow. In fact, the FDSE executes from the p_flow.sss data file and returns the exact state as was computed in power flow. The user can modify the data in p_flow.sss to test the 'bad' data detection property. The user can set the threshold for 'bad' data detection. If the numerical value of any measurement is set to 0.0, the FDSE assumes this measurement is not used. Therefore measurements close to zero should be entered as a small value such as 0.0001 so the FDSE processes the data point in the snapshot. The default weighting factors for all measurements is 1.0, but the user has the option to enter any desired weighting factor. snap_ed.exe is an editor to change data in the p_flow.sss file and corrupt the measurerments with random Gaussian noise ********************************************************************** DATA FILES ********************************************************************** The very first time each of the executabile files listed is run, it creates a data file with the same name and the suffix .sss For example when p_flow.exe is run, it creates the file p_flow.sss The file contains data of a base case for this program and the results. If the file p_flow.sss exists, containing whatever data entered by a user, this is the case run by the program. For example,a user wants to run the classic 5 bus, 7 line power flow of Stagg and El-Abiad which is in the file stagg.sss The user simply pastes this file into the power flow data file p_flow.sss. The results of the computation are power flows and the state of the 5 bus network. If a user changes any numerical value in a .sss file with the names of the CAPSA programs listed for chapters 1-7, the results with the numerical change are computed at the next run of the program. Many examples from the textbook have a .sss file such that the user may duplicate the numerical results from the textbook. The user can change a parameter in the problem to study its effect. ********************************************************************** USING THE POWERPOINT DISPLAY ********************************************************************** Remember to open software.ppt in the CAPSA_SOFTWARE directory and enable the macros, so that the editing interface is active. Almost any computer has the storage for the powerpoint interface that operates in the slide show mode. If powerpoint is not available every program .exe can be run from the CMD prompt. All the .sss files can be edited in the DOS editor, in the WORD program, in NOTEBOOK, or in NOTEPAD and saved as .sss files. ********************************************************************** UNINSTALLING ********************************************************************** Delete all files in C:\CAPSA_SOFTWARE and remove the directory. ********************************************************************** END OF FILE **********************************************************************