Abstract:
In today’s world, concrete has become a vital part of our lives. With each passing day, the use of concrete is increasing at a very high rate. Concrete is widely used building material & it has a wide range of structural applications. The production of concrete has always lead to massive exploitation of natural resources. Manufacturing 1tonne of Portland cement requires quarrying 1.5tonnes of limestone and clay (Civil and Marine,2007). Moreover, continuous extraction of natural aggregate; sand and gravel; from river beds, lake and other water bodies over the years have led to erosion which eventually leads to flooding and landslides. Further, there is less filtration of rainwater due to reduced amount of natural sand, causing contamination of water needed for human consumption.
One of the main constituents of concrete is Portland cement. With the increase in use of concrete, the manufacturing and consumption of cement has also increased drastically. Ordinary Portland cement is the most commonly used building material throughout the world and it will retain its status in near future also because of demand and expansion of construction industry all over the world.
