Systematic review on the therapeutic application of mesalazine in ulcerative colitis

Abstract

In 1977, mesalazine (5-aminosalicylicacid) was discovered as therapeutically active agent in treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) and was launched in 1984 for topical and oral delivery.The drug belong to class of amino salicylate and act on the inflamed lining of the intestine (colon) so as to prevent the substance formation which causes inflammation. By this it provide relief from mild-to-moderate active ulcerative colitis. As chemically mesalazine that is 5-aminosalicylicacid is active moiety of sulfasalazine it has proven to be the first line treatment in the UC by giving its effect locally in the colon and provides relief from inflammation of Ulcerative colitis. Various formulation has been developed for increasing its efficacy starting with tablets formulation was developed with efficacy of reaching the drug to colon by pH dependent coating with polymer,Delayed release drug delivery to colon were further developed,Microbiallly triggered drug delivery to the colon which consist of (a) Prodrug approach,(b) Azo-polymeric approach,(c) Polysaccharide based approach. All this approach has proven to be efficacious but less effect was seen on colon and more concentration was getting absorbed in small intestine sometimes result in side effects. Further newly developed method were developed such as pressure controlled drug delivery system(PCDCS),CODESTM(A Novel colon targeted delivery system), Osmotic Controlled drug delivery to colon(OROSCT), Hydro gels(enema), Microspheres, Nanoparticles, Liposome’s, Multi particulate Beads. This novel approaches are made to increase therapeutic efficacy and to give targeted delivery of drug to colon. The main side effect of the drug is renal dysfunction, acute interstitial nephrotoxicity, some common side effect are rashes, headache, nausea, abdominal pain,etc. The purpose of review of articles is to determine the therapeutic application of mesalazine in ulcerative colitis by different formulation available.